VISHNU PURANA. - BOOK
III.
CHAP. IV.--Division
of the Veda, in the last Dwapara age, by the Vyasa Krishna Dwaipayana. Paila
made reader of the Rich; Vais'ampayana of the Yajush; Jaimini of the Saman; and
Sumantu of the Atharvan. Suta appointed to teach the historical poems. Origin
of the four parts of the Veda. Sanhitas of the Rig-veda.
CHAP. IV.
Division of the
Veda, in the last Dwapara age, by the Vyasa Krishna Dwaipayana. Paila made
reader of the Rich; Vais'ampayana of the Yajush; Jaimini of the Shun; and
Sumantu of the Atharvan. Suta appointed to teach the historical poems. Origin
of the four parts of the Veda. Sanhitas of the Rig-veda.
PARAS'ARA.--The
original Veda, in four parts, consisted of one hundred thousand stanzas; and
from it sacrifice of ten kinds, the accomplisher of all desires, proceeded. In
the twenty-eighth Dwapara age my son Vyasa separated the four portions of the
Veda into four Vedas. In the same manner as the Vedas were arranged by him, as
Vedavyasa, so were they divided in former periods by all the preceding Vyasas,
and by myself: and the branches into which they were subdivided by him were the
same into which they had been distributed in every aggregate of the four ages.
Know, Maitreya, the Vyasa called Krishna Dwaipayana to be the deity Narayana;
for who else on this earth could have composed the Mahabharata? Into what
portions the Vedas were arranged by my magnanimous son, in the Dwapara age, you
shall hear.
When Vyasa was
enjoined by Brahma to arrange the Vedas in different books, he took four
persons, well read in those works, as his disciples. He appointed Paila reader
of the Rich; Vais'ampayana of the Yajush; and Jaimini of the Soma-veda: and
Sumantu, who was conversant with the Atharva-veda, was also the disciple of the
learned Vyasa. He also took Suta, who was named Lomaharshana, as his pupil in
historical and legendary traditions.
There was but one
Yajur-veda; but dividing this into four parts, Vyasa instituted the sacrificial
rite that is administered by four kinds of priests: in which it was the duty of
the Adhwaryu to recite the prayers (Yajush) (or direct the ceremony); of the
Hotri, to repeat the hymns (Richas); of the Udgatri, to chaunt other hymns
(Sama); and of the Brahman, to pronounce the formulae called Atharva. Then the
Muni, having collected together the hymns called Richas, compiled the Rigveda;
with the prayers and directions termed Yajushas he formed the Yajur-veda; with
those called Sama, Sama-veda; and with the Atharvas he composed the rules of
all the ceremonies suited to kings, and the function of the Brahman agreeably to
practice.
This vast original
tree of the Vedas, having been divided by him into four principal stems, soon
branched out into an extensive forest. In the first place, Paila divided the
Rig-veda, and gave the two Sanhitas (or collections of hymns) to Indrapramati
and to Bashkali. Bashkali subdivided his Sanhita into four, which he gave to
his disciples Baudhya, Agnimathara, Yajnawalka, and Paras'ara; and they taught
these secondary shoots from the primitive branch. Indrapramati imparted his
Sanhita to his son Mandukeya, and it thence descended through successive
generations, as well as disciples. Vedamitra, called also S'akalya, studied the
same Sanhita, but he divided it into five Sanhitas, which he distributed
amongst as many disciples, named severally Mudgala, Goswalu, Vatsya, S'aliya,
and S'is'ira. Sakapurni made a different division of the original Sanhita into
three portions, and added a glossary (Nirukta), constituting a fourth. The
three Sanhitas were given to his three pupils, Krauncha, Vaitalaki, and Valaka;
and a fourth, (thence named) Niruktakrit, had the glossary. In this way branch
sprang from branch. Another Bashkali composed three other Sanhitas, which he
taught to his disciples Kalayani, Gargya, and Kathajava. These are they by whom
the principal divisions of the Rich have been promulgated.
VISHNU PURANA. - BOOK III. CHAP. V
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